Rice Tungro Virus (RTV) has a notable impact on rice farmers involved in paddy cultivation worldwide. RTV has two different viral infections and disease-spread complexes: rice tungro bacilliform and rice tungro spherical viruses. The rice plants affected by RTV exhibited a yellow to orange rust-colored appearance on leaves with stunted growth and reduced tillering. The disease symptoms of RTV were largely associated with the rice tungro bacilliform virus, whereas the rice tungro spherical virus was associated with an insect vector that transmitted RNA viral particles for further disease incidence by the Green Leafhopper. Rice tungro bacilliform and spherical viruses can be acquired within a short duration and transmitted to healthy rice fields. The virus retention period for GLH was 2–4 days for rice tungro spherical virus and 4–5 days for rice tungro bacilliform virus. The virus uses a helper component (HC) mechanism to cause plant diseases. The rice tungro virus is highly challenging to manage through cultural and chemical methods. Nevertheless, this chapter encompasses comprehensive details regarding rice tungro virus taxonomy, pathogen biology, and studies on vector transmission, host range, symptomatology, and management.