Stevia rebaudiana, also referred to as sugar leaf or sweet leaf, is becoming more and more well-known around the world as a natural zero-calorie sweetener because of its high steviol glycoside (SG) content, specifically Reb A, Reb D, and Reb M. The chapter discusses the role that stevia plays in meeting the growing need for natural sweeteners due to health issues like obesity and diabetes. Despite its potential, stevia production is hindered by problems with large-scale multiplication, inefficient cultivars, and environmental stress. ImprovementImprovement strategies aim to boost stevia production by creating high-yielding, stress-tolerant cultivarsCultivar with superior agronomic traits. Increasing SG content with high rebaudioside- stevioside ratio, raising yield, and strengthening resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses are some of the goals of breedingBreeding. Stevia production is improved through the use of a variety of breeding techniques, such as marker-assisted breeding, clonal selectionSelection, and traditional selection. The genetic makeup of Stevia is understood, important target genes are identified, and breeding strategies are optimized with the use of molecularMolecular tools like genomic and bioinformatic analyses. Moreover, genetic engineeringGenetic engineering methods present viable paths for modifying important metabolic pathways to improve stress tolerance and SG production. The chapter also offers a thorough understanding of the difficulties and possibilities in the production of stevia, emphasizing the role that molecularMolecular tools and breeding strategies will play in resolving these issues and advancing the cultivationCultivation of stevia. Through the integration of advanced genomic and genetic engineering tools with conventional breedingBreeding methods, stevia breeders can expedite the development of superior cultivars, thereby satisfying the increasing demand for natural sweeteners in an environmentally friendly manner.