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Atropa belladonna L. (Solanaceae), commonly known as ‘Deadly nightshade’ or ‘Belladonna’. It is a valuable plant that produces anticholinergic tropane alkaloidsAlkaloids (TAs). Hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and atropine are the extensively investigated TAs. Plants usually accumulate low levels of TAs to meet the growing market demand. For over years, significant advancements are being developed to comprehend the TA biosynthetic pathways on the basis of molecular biology and metabolic regulation. Traditional use of A. belladonna as hallucinogens, mydriasis, sedative, poison, and in the treatment of headache, asthma, black cough, abnormal urination, and many more disorders attracted attention of scientific community for further exploration of bioactive principles and bioactivities. Studies revealed that scopolamine and hyoscyamine had numerous pharmacologicalPharmacological properties, and were extensively employed in mitigating spasm, treating motion sickness, quitting drug addictions, and Parkinson’s disease, anesthetic, mydriatic, antiemetic, as sedative to inhibit bronchospasm especially in asthma and whooping cough, as anti-cholinergic and cough suppressant, as an analgesic, in neuralgia, rheumatoid arthritis, psychiatric disturbances, and hyperhidrosis. There is a huge demand for TAs of A. belladonna, especially scopolamine, as it has fewer side-effects as compared to hyoscyamine. But, the supply of scopolamine is insufficient as it is produced in very less quantities in A. belladonna. Although the whole plant is utilized for medicinal purposes, the major alkaloidsAlkaloids are synthesized in the roots. The roots take around 3–4 years for maturation to produce root biomass that can yield extractable amounts of compounds of interest. Wild populations are unable to meet the growing industrial demand for these pharmacologically valuable TAs. Numerous challenges are encountered such as naturally growing plants take longer time for accumulating metabolites, huge investments yield sparse production, and chemical synthesis of these compounds is uneconomical. There is a need for developing strategiesStrategies in addition to existing traditional methods used. Due to the immense importance of commercial value of A. belladonna development of promising methods to enhance TA production such as biotechnological, geneticGenetic, and molecular approaches can have great relevance.

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Biotechnological, Genetic, Molecular and Breeding Attempts and Strategies for the Analysis and Production of Pharmaceutically Important Tropane Alkaloids in Atropa belladonna L.: A Review

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Usmangani Abdul Attar,
  • Saurabha Bhimrao Zimare,
  • Ashwini Venkatrao Mohite,
  • Prachi Saurabha Zimare

摘要

Atropa belladonna L. (Solanaceae), commonly known as ‘Deadly nightshade’ or ‘Belladonna’. It is a valuable plant that produces anticholinergic tropane alkaloidsAlkaloids (TAs). Hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and atropine are the extensively investigated TAs. Plants usually accumulate low levels of TAs to meet the growing market demand. For over years, significant advancements are being developed to comprehend the TA biosynthetic pathways on the basis of molecular biology and metabolic regulation. Traditional use of A. belladonna as hallucinogens, mydriasis, sedative, poison, and in the treatment of headache, asthma, black cough, abnormal urination, and many more disorders attracted attention of scientific community for further exploration of bioactive principles and bioactivities. Studies revealed that scopolamine and hyoscyamine had numerous pharmacologicalPharmacological properties, and were extensively employed in mitigating spasm, treating motion sickness, quitting drug addictions, and Parkinson’s disease, anesthetic, mydriatic, antiemetic, as sedative to inhibit bronchospasm especially in asthma and whooping cough, as anti-cholinergic and cough suppressant, as an analgesic, in neuralgia, rheumatoid arthritis, psychiatric disturbances, and hyperhidrosis. There is a huge demand for TAs of A. belladonna, especially scopolamine, as it has fewer side-effects as compared to hyoscyamine. But, the supply of scopolamine is insufficient as it is produced in very less quantities in A. belladonna. Although the whole plant is utilized for medicinal purposes, the major alkaloidsAlkaloids are synthesized in the roots. The roots take around 3–4 years for maturation to produce root biomass that can yield extractable amounts of compounds of interest. Wild populations are unable to meet the growing industrial demand for these pharmacologically valuable TAs. Numerous challenges are encountered such as naturally growing plants take longer time for accumulating metabolites, huge investments yield sparse production, and chemical synthesis of these compounds is uneconomical. There is a need for developing strategiesStrategies in addition to existing traditional methods used. Due to the immense importance of commercial value of A. belladonna development of promising methods to enhance TA production such as biotechnological, geneticGenetic, and molecular approaches can have great relevance.