Primary prevention of ischemic stroke focuses on identifying, eliminating, and treating risk factors in the general population before symptoms appear. Secondary prevention targets preventing subsequent strokes in patients with existing conditions, such as residual neurological deficits or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Genetic predisposition influences the rate of atherosclerosis progression, but preventive measures can mitigate its impact. Since early atherosclerosis typically causes no immediate problems, preventive measures should be a key component of patient education. Conservative treatment involves addressing risk factors and medical management. Following successful carotid artery surgery, ongoing conservative treatment with lifestyle modifications and medication remains essential.