OreganoOregano plant, a perennialPerennial herb from lamiaceae family is a high conception medicinal plantMedicinal plant with valuable primary and secondary metabolitesSecondary metabolites. Three constituents, carvacrolCarvacrol, thymolThymol and rosmarinic acidRosmarinic acid, are the most important oreganoOregano bioactive compoundsBioactive compounds which makes its taste, spicy flavor and aromaAroma. It is originated from the Irano-Turanian habitats, the MediterraneanMediterranean countries and temperate western regions. OreganoOregano plants conception is highly increasing in production of the food, drugs, perfume, and washing liquid. The medicinal effects of oreganoOregano plants constituents in a wide range of diseasesDiseases, including; antioxidantAntioxidant, antitumor, antipathogens, and antiviral activity, as remedy against respiratory disorders, upset stomach, jaundice, childhood malnutrition, and rheumatoid arthritis, and its usage in the modern food industry, lead to the excessive harvest and conception of this valuable plant in its habitats which increased the oreganoOregano plants genetic erosionGenetic erosion risk. The main goal of this paper is to make familiar the oreganoOregano farmer and breeders with the oreganoOregano agronomyAgronomy and breedingBreeding characteristics. The conventional breedingBreeding methods accompany with the modern biotechnological toolsBiotechnological tools can employed to develop the new oreganoOregano cultivarsCultivars with enhanced productivity and adaptability. In this chapter, we present an overview of the origin, distribution, taxonomic position, genetic resourceGenetic resources characterization and conservationConservation, crop cultivationCultivation practices and recent developments on biotechnologyBiotechnology, and molecular biology and their application for crop improvement in association with conventional breedingBreeding methods of the oreganoOregano plant.