Microbes are an integral component of nature, and their genetic makeup has enormous potential in industrial and biotechnological applications. Metagenomics is a revolutionary approach that emerged as an effective tool for exploring the genetic diversity, microbial population, and ecological role of microbial communities in specific niches without culturing a single organism. Direct sequencing of the DNA from environmental samples has made it possible to discover more about hitherto hidden microbes. Combining environmental and metagenomics methods allows screening of potential bacteria that may live in diverse environments. The information gathered from metagenomics sequencing might be highly helpful in the development of novel enzymes, drugs, agriculture, bioremediation, and other industrial applications. Harnessing the advances in next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) and bioinformatics tools has transformed our understanding of microbial ecology and evolution and interaction among the microbial communities and their adaptation in diverse habitats. Metagenomics has the potential to revolutionize various fields, from environment and biotechnology to human health, and consequently define the future of genetic research and applications. This chapter highlights the principles and workflow of metagenomics and its potential applications in various sectors.