In order to effectively simulate the expansion pattern of hydraulic fracture (HF) intersecting with natural fracture (NF) in fractured shale reservoirs, with a view to improving the recovery rate of shale reservoirs. In this paper, firstly carried out a theoretical analysis of the fracture intersection criterion, and combined with the simulation results, supplemented the types of fracture morphology and Blanton intersection criterion, and realistically simulated the expansion situation of hydraulic fracture intersecting with natural fracture in the shale reservoirs by using the method of global embedding of the bonded pore pressure unit, and analyzed the changing rules of the fracture expansion pattern, pore pressure, and the width of the fractures in the different levels of the difference in geopathological stresses and the angle of the fracture intersections. The results show that: ①the smaller the horizontal stress difference is, the easier the natural crack is opened, and it is more likely to open the end with a small angle; the larger the horizontal stress difference is, the more the hydraulic crack tends to penetrate the natural crack; ②with the increase of the analyzing steps, there exists a crack in the direction of the horizontal stress that is first extended and then gradually closed to the point of no further extension; ③When the crack intersection angle is 30°, only the end with small angle between the natural crack and the hydraulic crack is opened; when the crack intersection angle is 60°, both ends of the natural crack are opened; when the crack intersection angle is 90°, the natural crack is directly passed through by the hydraulic crack without being opened; when the crack intersection angle is 120°, also only the end with small angle between the natural crack and the hydraulic crack is opened, which indicates that there is a symmetry in crack extension; ④Under the coupling effect of geostress difference and intersection angle, during the process of fracture intersection, the pore pressure and fracture width at the injection point will drop suddenly at the moment of opening the natural fracture, and the magnitude of the drop is the largest when the difference of horizontal geostress is 0 MPa; at the moment of intersection between the hydraulic fracture and the natural fracture, the trend of the change of the pore pressure and the fracture width at the injection point over time is basically the same, both pore pressure and fracture width decreased the fastest when the intersection angle was 120°, the slowest when the intersection angle was 60°, and basically did not decrease when the intersection angle was 90°, and the growth was flat.

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Simulation of Hydraulic Fracturing Intersecting Natural Fractures in Fractured Shale Reservoirs

  • Hui Ji,
  • Jun Li,
  • Lichen Guan,
  • Boyun Guo,
  • Kangping Chen,
  • Wei Lian,
  • Juncheng Zhang

摘要

In order to effectively simulate the expansion pattern of hydraulic fracture (HF) intersecting with natural fracture (NF) in fractured shale reservoirs, with a view to improving the recovery rate of shale reservoirs. In this paper, firstly carried out a theoretical analysis of the fracture intersection criterion, and combined with the simulation results, supplemented the types of fracture morphology and Blanton intersection criterion, and realistically simulated the expansion situation of hydraulic fracture intersecting with natural fracture in the shale reservoirs by using the method of global embedding of the bonded pore pressure unit, and analyzed the changing rules of the fracture expansion pattern, pore pressure, and the width of the fractures in the different levels of the difference in geopathological stresses and the angle of the fracture intersections. The results show that: ①the smaller the horizontal stress difference is, the easier the natural crack is opened, and it is more likely to open the end with a small angle; the larger the horizontal stress difference is, the more the hydraulic crack tends to penetrate the natural crack; ②with the increase of the analyzing steps, there exists a crack in the direction of the horizontal stress that is first extended and then gradually closed to the point of no further extension; ③When the crack intersection angle is 30°, only the end with small angle between the natural crack and the hydraulic crack is opened; when the crack intersection angle is 60°, both ends of the natural crack are opened; when the crack intersection angle is 90°, the natural crack is directly passed through by the hydraulic crack without being opened; when the crack intersection angle is 120°, also only the end with small angle between the natural crack and the hydraulic crack is opened, which indicates that there is a symmetry in crack extension; ④Under the coupling effect of geostress difference and intersection angle, during the process of fracture intersection, the pore pressure and fracture width at the injection point will drop suddenly at the moment of opening the natural fracture, and the magnitude of the drop is the largest when the difference of horizontal geostress is 0 MPa; at the moment of intersection between the hydraulic fracture and the natural fracture, the trend of the change of the pore pressure and the fracture width at the injection point over time is basically the same, both pore pressure and fracture width decreased the fastest when the intersection angle was 120°, the slowest when the intersection angle was 60°, and basically did not decrease when the intersection angle was 90°, and the growth was flat.