Dynamic Shift in Plant Biodiversity by Herbicides Application
摘要
The dynamic shift in plant biodiversity and concurrent loss of bioresources in the modern era indicate many significant impactful factors such as climate change, anthropogenic/human-related factors in deforestation, industrialization, and prevailing agricultural practices, especially with substantial investment in the application of chemical herbicides to control the competitive impact of noxious weeds. While a neutral existence of crop-weed communities is possible with the interplay natural biochemical or physiological reactions, any efforts to alter this balance, such as soil tillage and weed management methods in agricultural production, promotes inequalities and a massive loss of crop bioresources. Programmed death mechanisms employed by herbicides to either eradicate or suppress the growth and development of unwanted plants through target and non-target sites of action cause a significant shift in ecological composition and abundance within crop-weed communities. The resultant outcome promotes the prevalence of herbicide-resistant invasive plant species in which plant diversity is narrowed down to peculiar groups of plants or, in the process, favors elimination and restriction of agronomical growth and physiological development of endangered/threatened crop species. The growing concern of herbicide resistance is enormous and aided by (i) alteration in herbicide mechanisms of action, (ii) gene flow/drift in genetically modified crop varieties to other crops, and (iii) acquired resistance due to the heavy intensity of chemical usage, among other factors. Critical and strategic examinations to curb the spread of such resistance in crops or weeds communities should be implemented to conserve the vast richness of ecological bioresources and control the dynamism of plant shift in favor of biodiversity conservation.