Genome Editing for Horticultural Crop Improvement: Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
摘要
The breeding strategies of horticultural crops have progressed from traditional breeding to gene editing techniques. These advancements have a significant role in tackling global challenges caused by climate change to increase production and feed the ever rising global population. The genome editing techniques, Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas9, have allowed to make desirable changes in plants without induction of any foreign DNA. These new techniques facilitate targeted precise mutations and have improved nutrition, quality, and resistance against biotic and abiotic factors. Despite significant innovation in gene editing techniques, sometimes, unintended or undesired changes occur that are risky. However, continuous efforts are made to minimize the off-targets effects for precise and sustainable changes. Further, public perceptions are still a hurdle and people’s concern about genetically modified crops vary with cultural, ethical, and safety concerns. Therefore, there is a global need for public awareness and transparency regarding safety, ethics, and benefits to promote gene editing crops.