Wooden beams modified in the support zones with a component composition based on dimethacrylic polyester with a carbon filler have been experimentally studied. The studies were carried out on beams with a span of 3.0 m with a cross-sectional area of 150 × 150 mm. The beam tests were carried out on a hydraulic stand with an inverted test circuit. The rational technological mode of modification in the zones of stretching and compression of beams is determined. The technological mode is based on modification by a component composition with a carbon filler under excessive pressure from pulsed action. The modification was carried out using special injectors, through which the polymer composition is fed into the wood. The component composition is supplied from the tank at a pressure of 0.2–0.3 MPa. The technological modification mode was selected, in which the greatest penetrating ability of the modifier into the wood structure was revealed. Based on the results of numerical simulation of the stress state of structures, rational modification zones have been determined. A computational model of modified wooden beam structures is presented. A transtropic volumetric body model was chosen as a physical model of wood. With the help of computed tomography, depending on the technological regime, the nature of the distribution of the polymer composition in the wood structure is determined. According to the test results of the studied structures, it was found that the deformability decreased by 10–15%, and the strength increased by 40–45%.