Aqueous solutions containing hydrocarbons are a major concern of various oil and gas industries. The worldwide demand for the dispense of hydrocarbon-containing aqueous samples, simultaneously with the strict regulations regarding industrial spent off, necessitates the stimulations for the treatment of oily wastewater. Advanced technologies have served to have overtaken the existing traditional technology as promising approaches. The chapter aims to provide insight into the existing advanced technologies for the management of oily aqueous solutions in order to maintain environmental sustainability. This chapter not only deals with the present advanced technologies but also emphasise on recent modern technologies along with nanotechnological methods for treatment of hydrocarbons present in the oily wastewater. The chapter also deals with the future scopes regarding research requirements for management of hydrocarbons containing liquid samples.