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The significant environmental threat posed by particulate matter is directly linked to the problems associated with fossil fuels, which are produced by harmful carbon dioxide emissions and climate change. Products made from biomass, such as biodiesel and bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG), have the potential to be more flexible and affordable. The recovery of high-quality glycerol as a by-product from the biodiesel through continuous transesterification of the spent cooking oils as the source material is one sustainable method of lowering the cost of biodiesel (glycerol). The basic processes for making biodiesel are transesterification, thermal cracking (pyrolysis), microemulsions, and direct usage and mixing. The method most frequently used is the transesterification of vegetable and animal fats. The transesterification process is influenced by a number of variables, including catalysts, the molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, temperature and length of the reaction, and the water content of oils and fats. The hetero-catalytic transesterification process has become the most promising way to produce biodiesel because of its low cost and ease of use. The unique characteristics of seven different types of heterogeneous catalysts have been studied: hetero-polyacid; zeolite-based catalyst; layered-double-hydroxide-based catalyst; activated carbon; graphene; graphene oxide; activated carbon; biomass and non-biomass waste materials; and, lastly, graphene. Metal- and metal-oxide-based catalysts are frequently used in the current biodiesel research. The history and recent progress of biodiesel are examined, focusing on the various types of biodiesels, their properties, manufacturing processes, and financial aspects of the biodiesel sector. This piece examines the utilization of biodiesel in the automotive sector, delving into the obstacles that impede its advancement, and evaluating pertinent regulations. It underlines the importance of organic resources in generating eco-friendly, renewable energy and investigates alternatives to depletable fuels, stressing the need for practical, eco-friendly replacements for fossil fuels.

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Recent Advances and Research in Biodiesel as a Sustainable, Eco-Friendly Approach Toward the Green Economy

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Muheeb Yousuf,
  • Alok Prasad Das,
  • Prahlad Masurkar,
  • Manas Kumar Bag,
  • Debasis Mitra,
  • Anuprita Ray

摘要

The significant environmental threat posed by particulate matter is directly linked to the problems associated with fossil fuels, which are produced by harmful carbon dioxide emissions and climate change. Products made from biomass, such as biodiesel and bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG), have the potential to be more flexible and affordable. The recovery of high-quality glycerol as a by-product from the biodiesel through continuous transesterification of the spent cooking oils as the source material is one sustainable method of lowering the cost of biodiesel (glycerol). The basic processes for making biodiesel are transesterification, thermal cracking (pyrolysis), microemulsions, and direct usage and mixing. The method most frequently used is the transesterification of vegetable and animal fats. The transesterification process is influenced by a number of variables, including catalysts, the molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, temperature and length of the reaction, and the water content of oils and fats. The hetero-catalytic transesterification process has become the most promising way to produce biodiesel because of its low cost and ease of use. The unique characteristics of seven different types of heterogeneous catalysts have been studied: hetero-polyacid; zeolite-based catalyst; layered-double-hydroxide-based catalyst; activated carbon; graphene; graphene oxide; activated carbon; biomass and non-biomass waste materials; and, lastly, graphene. Metal- and metal-oxide-based catalysts are frequently used in the current biodiesel research. The history and recent progress of biodiesel are examined, focusing on the various types of biodiesels, their properties, manufacturing processes, and financial aspects of the biodiesel sector. This piece examines the utilization of biodiesel in the automotive sector, delving into the obstacles that impede its advancement, and evaluating pertinent regulations. It underlines the importance of organic resources in generating eco-friendly, renewable energy and investigates alternatives to depletable fuels, stressing the need for practical, eco-friendly replacements for fossil fuels.