Josephson diode effect (JDE or \(\Delta {I}_{c}\) ) is considered to be of great interest in the creation of novel low dissipative superconducting technologies as it allows for unidirectional propagation of supercurrents. There have been many theoretical and experimental efforts on understanding the various mechanisms that give rise to it. Beyond its utility in novel superconducting technologies, JDE can also function as an effective ‘tool’ of a material’s properties in the superconducting state as it explicitly requires the breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetries. JDE can be used to demonstrate the existence and the nature of spin–orbit coupling in a system by probing it in different directions. In the previous chapter, it was demonstrated how the generation of finite momentum Cooper pairs (FMCP) could give rise to the JDE in a type-II Dirac semimetal NiTe2. In this chapter, we detail measurements on lateral Josephson junctions of another 1T van der Waals material 1T-PtTe2 to further confirm the role of local inversion symmetry breaking in the creation of a large JDE. Extrinsic effects due to the junction geometry that can lead to the creation of non-reciprocal supercurrents are identified and eliminated. Vertical junctions are also studied, which confirm the two dimensional nature of the JDE and spin-momentum locking. The presence of large JDE and half magnetic flux quantum oscillations of the JDE outline the importance of second harmonic supercurrents in the creation of JDE in these systems. The increased probability of higher order Andreev processes due to the strong helical spin-momentum locking is also hypothesized but needs further confirmation.

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Helical Spin-Momentum Locking and Tunable Second Order \({\varphi }_{0}\) -Junctions in the Dirac Semimetal 1T-PtTe2 Probed by the Josephson Diode Effect

  • Pranava Keerthi Sivakumar

摘要

Josephson diode effect (JDE or \(\Delta {I}_{c}\) ) is considered to be of great interest in the creation of novel low dissipative superconducting technologies as it allows for unidirectional propagation of supercurrents. There have been many theoretical and experimental efforts on understanding the various mechanisms that give rise to it. Beyond its utility in novel superconducting technologies, JDE can also function as an effective ‘tool’ of a material’s properties in the superconducting state as it explicitly requires the breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetries. JDE can be used to demonstrate the existence and the nature of spin–orbit coupling in a system by probing it in different directions. In the previous chapter, it was demonstrated how the generation of finite momentum Cooper pairs (FMCP) could give rise to the JDE in a type-II Dirac semimetal NiTe2. In this chapter, we detail measurements on lateral Josephson junctions of another 1T van der Waals material 1T-PtTe2 to further confirm the role of local inversion symmetry breaking in the creation of a large JDE. Extrinsic effects due to the junction geometry that can lead to the creation of non-reciprocal supercurrents are identified and eliminated. Vertical junctions are also studied, which confirm the two dimensional nature of the JDE and spin-momentum locking. The presence of large JDE and half magnetic flux quantum oscillations of the JDE outline the importance of second harmonic supercurrents in the creation of JDE in these systems. The increased probability of higher order Andreev processes due to the strong helical spin-momentum locking is also hypothesized but needs further confirmation.