This chapter introduces the rationale and research objectives of the monograph, which pursues a critical examination of EU energy geopolitics in the era of the global energy transition. The two research objectives are to determine whether the EU emerges as a winner or loser from the global energy transition and what the impact of the global energy transition on peace, cooperation and conflict means for the EU in terms of its foreign policy priorities. After introducing the main themes and objectives of the geopolitics of the global energy transition literature and demonstrating the need to move the scholarly agenda toward the in-depth study of the core players’ strategies, this chapter justifies the selection of the EU as a case study. It subsequently presents an overview of energy geopolitics as a sub-field of academic enquiry, linking it with the literature on the geopolitics of the global energy transition. This discussion leads to a conceptual framework that operationalizes the state of energy security in the emerging world order, and the impact of the global energy transition on state economic power, foreign policy/power position and conflict, as the fabric of new energy geopolitics.