The chapter maps the convoluted diplomacy of the Romanian Patriarchate over the last 30 years with the Orthodox churches from the former Soviet space, especially with Russian Orthodoxy. The chapter argues that mutual reflections over discursive ambivalence, ecumenism, human rights, and nationalism informed the diplomatic conversation and practices employed by Romanian and Russian Orthodoxy in shaping their post-Cold War relations. The ambivalence that resulted from various geopolitical rifts in global Orthodoxy has been exploited by the Russian Orthodox Church, which has responded with various under-the-table maneuvers in generating an Orthodox nationalist insurgency in traditionalist communities. Through informal channels linking various monastics and ultranationalists, Russian Orthodoxy has fomented dissent towards the central hierarchy among Orthodox communities in Romania. The Russian bishops and monks have encouraged and sponsored various forms of dissidence inside the Romanian Orthodox Church, exacerbated by the Romanian admission to the European Union in 2007.