Marriage and betrothal cases make up a large proportion of the unpublished consultas of Juan de Paz. Such numbers might be reflective of the significance of matrimony as a social institution: the problems revolving around it deeply affected persons and families and could transcend to communities. This essay focuses on cases involving Filipinos from various provinces brought to the ecclesiastical tribunal of the Archdiocese of Manila. Most of them deal with canonical impediments; several others arise from broken marriage promises some of which also involve impediments. They exemplify the range of moral and canonical difficulties encountered in the observance of church marriage in indigenous society, difficulties which in themselves shed light on Filipino familial dynamics, community practices, and socioeconomic and moral values. This essay delves into societal notions of women’s honor and proper demeanor in relation to family and matrimony, questions of parity between prospective marriage partners, and marriage as a strategy for socioeconomic stability. The cases open a window on the process of the gradual establishment of canonical marriage and Catholic matrimonial values in interaction with indigenous customs and mores. The consultas reveal Juan de Paz’s familiarity with local social norms and practices as well as deep insight into human nature, considerations to which he gives due place in his moral and legal discussion.