Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora, Myrciaria jaboticaba) has recently gained recognition for its potent therapeutic properties. This chapter investigated the multifaceted benefits of jaboticaba-based interventions in combating gastrointestinal, kidney, and lung diseases. We explore the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of jaboticaba and its products, relating them to their phytochemical composition rich in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins, in facing the aforementioned diseases. Furthermore, we scrutinize the mechanistic pathways through which jaboticaba exerts its protective effects, including the modulation of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibition of oxidative stress, and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses. In vitro studies, animal models, and clinical studies investigating jaboticaba’s efficacy in improving inflammation and other alterations linked with gastrointestinal disorders, renal dysfunction, and respiratory ailments were analyzed, revealing promising outcomes. In addition, challenges and future directions for research in this field are delineated, underscoring the need for rigorous clinical trials and the elucidation of optimal dose regimens.