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Qubits, while they were described as abstract objects in Chap. 3 , in reality must always be realized by some physical system, most commonly photons, electron spin, atoms, or solid-state structures. Background on photons and spin has already been covered in earlier chapters. In this chapter, we cover some basic background material in atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics in order to discuss further implementations of quantum systems in later chapters.

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Elements of Solid-State and Atomic Physics

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • David S. Simon

摘要

Qubits, while they were described as abstract objects in Chap. 3 , in reality must always be realized by some physical system, most commonly photons, electron spin, atoms, or solid-state structures. Background on photons and spin has already been covered in earlier chapters. In this chapter, we cover some basic background material in atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics in order to discuss further implementations of quantum systems in later chapters.