The energy transition is currently a key topic of international discussion and has been the subject of intensive research in several fields. The concept of energy transition has emerged because it is closely linked to the need for an effective climate change mitigation strategy. It is important to highlight the role of the first World Climate Conference, held in 1979, which represents the first initiative officially developed to discuss international climate challenges, as well as, the Kyoto Protocol, signed in 1997, where several measures were discussed, although mainly political in nature. However, it was not until 2015 (COP21), with the Paris Agreement, that a consensual position was reached. As a result, a new strategy was established, meaning that the world must become carbon neutral by 2050, which is strongly supported by the idea that the global population and the need for energy supply will increase in the coming decades. Consequently, new concepts (carbon offsetting and carbon dioxide removal) have emerged, which together can help companies, processes, and products become carbon neutral when calculating their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and compensate for what they have produced. Potential solutions to achieve carbon neutrality have been suggested as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS), and Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) technologies. The main focus of this work is to contextualize CCS, CCUS, and CCU technologies in this new carbon-neutral approach and to describe CO2 removal options, in particular those capable of storing CO2 permanently, namely underground geological storage solutions. Finally, the CO2 geological storage approach discussed in this work follows the concept of CCUS technologies. As well known, geological storage of CO2 requires significant investment in infrastructure. Therefore, these technologies should involve the extraction of strategic resources such as hydrocarbons (oil and gas), water, or minerals while storing CO2, allowing to significantly reduce the cost of CO2 geological storage from a climate policy perspective.