This chapter charts the history of US and UK relations with Iraq, putting the invasion of Iraq in its historical context. From this historical context, the chapter commences with a brief overview of relations until 1990, which is intended to provide context for later events. The path from the Gulf War to the events of 9/11 will be outlined thematically, drawing out the key features of the approach, such as the “No-Fly Zones” and the sanctions regime imposed on Iraq. From the seismic events of 9/11, US and UK relations with Iraq will be examined in greater detail, proceeding chronologically, and outlining key events in both the US and UK decision-making processes such as the famous Crawford summit in April 2002 and UN Security Council Resolution 1441. As the chapter title indicates, this chapter sets the scene and gives a broader context to the following chapters. In giving crucial context for the analysis that will follow, this chapter provides the groundwork for academic, policy, and student readers.