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In this study, weSupercritical fluid extraction utilized a complex Canadian rare earth elementRare earth elements (REE) oreOre from Avalon Advanced Materials. We developed a method using supercritical carbon dioxideSupercritical Carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) (SC-CO2) as a solvent, with tributyl phosphate-nitric acid adduct as the chelating agent. To optimize extractionExtraction efficiency, a preliminary NaOH cracking step was applied. Various operational factors for both NaOH cracking (temperature, NaOH-to-solid ratio, duration) and SCFE (temperature, pressure, adduct-to-solid ratio) were optimized through factorial design experiments. Comprehensive analysis of oreOre samples before and after treatments helped understand the process mechanisms. Under optimal conditions, the combined NaOH cracking and SCFE achieved a 95% efficiency in total REE extractionExtraction. This research promotes green chemistry principles, utilizing carbon dioxide as a safer solvent alternative to hazardous acids. Our findings offer a sustainable method for REE extractionExtraction from primary resources, providing a cleaner alternative to conventional industry practices.

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Sustainable Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Canadian Ores: A Cleaner Technology for Resource Recovery

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Gisele Azimi,
  • Maziar Sauber,
  • Sicheng Li,
  • Maxwell Etherington-Rivas

摘要

In this study, weSupercritical fluid extraction utilized a complex Canadian rare earth elementRare earth elements (REE) oreOre from Avalon Advanced Materials. We developed a method using supercritical carbon dioxideSupercritical Carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) (SC-CO2) as a solvent, with tributyl phosphate-nitric acid adduct as the chelating agent. To optimize extractionExtraction efficiency, a preliminary NaOH cracking step was applied. Various operational factors for both NaOH cracking (temperature, NaOH-to-solid ratio, duration) and SCFE (temperature, pressure, adduct-to-solid ratio) were optimized through factorial design experiments. Comprehensive analysis of oreOre samples before and after treatments helped understand the process mechanisms. Under optimal conditions, the combined NaOH cracking and SCFE achieved a 95% efficiency in total REE extractionExtraction. This research promotes green chemistry principles, utilizing carbon dioxide as a safer solvent alternative to hazardous acids. Our findings offer a sustainable method for REE extractionExtraction from primary resources, providing a cleaner alternative to conventional industry practices.