The chapter “Introduction to Sustainable Energy and Climate Change” lays the foundation on the complex interplay between the production of energy and climate dynamics, poignantly bringing into perspective the need for the economy's sustainable fueling given the increasingly dire challenges brought about by anthropogenic climate change. This chapter introduces the background and objectives, showing the importance of regional economic development through a cluster phase in enhancing business-stakeholder collaboration toward sustainability. This chapter addresses energy needs in various sectors; however, the call is to balance the current needs with those probably needed in the future so as to guarantee resource availability as well as environmental integrity. A background on climate change is set out herein: the principal drivers being greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural applications of pesticides and fertilizers, and historically, the Industrial Revolution. It goes further to deeply explore the implications emanating from climate change to important sectors such as agriculture and livestock, water resources, and even to the energy sector itself-a fact that shows interdependence among systems. The chapter shows the finite nature of fossil fuel supplies, together with the environmental impacts from extraction and combustion, revealing the need for sustainable energy options. It then concludes by reiterating that the need for sustainable energy solutions has to be found, which would not only reduce the effects of climate change but also contribute toward economic development and environmental health. The present chapter thus sets a platform for further detailed analysis by bringing together views from different sectors and focuses on the importance of sustainability.