Osteochondral tissue engineering (OCTE) represents a pivotal advancement in regenerative medicine, addressing the complex challenges associated with osteochondral defects. The native osteochondral unit comprises structurally and functionally distinct cartilage and subchondral bone layers, necessitating engineered constructs that recapitulate its biomechanical and biochemical properties. This chapter explores state-of-the-art approaches in OCTE, emphasizing biomaterials innovation, bioprinting strategies, and emerging computational tools. Hybrid and composite biomaterials have been engineered to enhance osteochondral repair, while improving mechanical resilience, cellular integration, and biodegradability. Additionally, sustainable biomaterial constructs are gaining traction, offering bioderived and recyclable alternatives that reduce environmental impact while maintaining high biofunctionality. Personalization in OCTE has become a critical focus, with patient-specific scaffolds, 3D bioprinting technologies, and autologous cell integration enabling precision-driven regenerative solutions. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and computational modelling are revolutionizing scaffold design, predictive regenerative therapies, and patient-specific interventions. Future advancements will shift toward smart, self-adaptive biomaterials and in situ regenerative approaches, ensuring clinically viable and scalable solutions. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of these advancements, highlighting their translational potential and the evolving landscape of osteochondral repair.