Nanovehicles represent a promising advancement in lung cancer treatment by enabling targeted drug delivery directly to tumor sites. Exploring recent advancements in the use of nanovehicles for the treatment of lung cancer, with a focus on their current potential and future therapeutic applications. Pivoting on the prospect of utilizing nanovehicles in lung cancer treatment using the evolution of therapy from the traditional to the nanomedical perspective. Nanovehicles, engineered for targeted drug delivery, offer innovative solutions in addressing the challenges of conventional therapies, such as systemic toxicity and non-specific drug distribution. This technology enables precise targeting of lung cancer cells, enhances drug stability, and optimizes therapeutic delivery to tumors. Various types of nanovehicles—including solid-lipid nanoparticles, capsin-loaded lipid nanoparticles, liposome, polymeric nanoparticles, and albumin-based nanocarriers—are discussed, along with their respective benefits and limitations in clinical settings. Thus, it illustrates the challenges of nanovehicles and the future aspects of the drugs and preclinical and clinical aspects of these drugs. Emerging research highlights the potential of nanovehicles to deliver advanced treatments, including gene therapy and immunotherapy agents, which could transform lung cancer care. The review concludes by outlining future directions in nanotechnology, including personalization, multifunctional platforms, and improved biocompatibility, suggesting that nanovehicles are on the verge to become integral in overcoming the therapeutic barriers in lung cancer treatment.