Greenhouse gas emissions are major contributors to climate change, and a substantial 25% of these emissions originate from the agri-food system. Unfortunately, extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change have severe repercussions on global agricultural production. Adding to the problem, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides not only contributes to climate change but also leads to the degradation of agricultural land, further impacting productivity. Specifically, these chemicals disrupt soil microbial communities, reduce soil organic matter, diminish land and aquatic biodiversity, and contribute to overall soil degradation. Moreover, the pollution caused by these agricultural materials poses significant threats to both human health and the environment. The current agri-food system heavily relies on monocrop production, which reduces nutrient source diversity. The focus on international agricultural trade has also led to rural depression, resulting in a decline in the multi-functionality of agriculture. This chapter first addressed the significant impact of climate change on global food production and the challenges it poses to agriculture. Improving agricultural resilience is hence crucial to combat the threats posed by climate change. The need for innovative governance strategies to reconcile potential conflicts arising from mitigation measures had therefore emerged. Additionally, the importance of harnessing new data technologies to enhance traditional agriculture and integrating regenerative, ecological, and other agricultural approaches for mitigation and adaptation functions amid the climate crisis was emphasized. Examples of such practices include substituting chemical fertilizers and pesticides with biological alternatives, restoring farm biodiversity to contribute sustainability, and leveraging AI technology to optimize crop production systems. The transition from conventional agriculture to sustainable practices based on ecological and regenerative farming may encounter challenges. However, by addressing these challenges, we can work towards ending hunger and promoting sustainable agricultural development.