ValorizationMetal recovery of municipal solid waste incineration fly ashMunicipal solid waste incineration fly ash presents potential opportunities as a source of valuable metals and minerals. The current research investigates the use of various acids, including acetic, citric, oxalic, methanesulfonic acidMethanesulfonic acid (MSA), and HCl (as a benchmark), for extracting zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and copperCopper (Cu) from two different types of municipal solid waste incineration fly ashMunicipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Results indicate that extraction rates can reach up to 99% for Cu, 90% for Zn, and 100% for Pb. Citric acid was the most effective organic acid, particularly at higher temperatures and longer leachingLeaching times. HCl provided the fastest and most complete extraction, achieving near-complete metal extractionMetal extraction within 0.5 h. The use of MSA combined with hydrogen peroxide proved effective for Cu and Zn but was less consistent for Pb.