Algae constitute a diverse assemblage of photosynthetic organisms classified within the Kingdom Protista. They are primarily aquatic in nature, encompassing an extensive range of forms from unicellular microalgae to complex multicellular macroscopic seaweeds that inhabit in both freshwater and marine environments. Algae have increasingly been acknowledged as prolific and sustainable sources of phytochemicals with broad pharmaceutical potentials. Their varied metabolic intricacies allow for the synthesis of distinctive phytochemicals such as phenols, alkaloids, terpenes, pigments, and peptides, with a plethora of antimicrobial properties. Low toxicity, biodegradability, and effectiveness against drug-resistant pathogens make them a vital candidate for drug discovery and development. The culture, extraction, and genetic modification of algae have been further improved by developments in biotechnology and molecular biology, which have maximized the yield of valuable antimicrobial compounds. This chapter tends to dig into the diversity of algae-derived metabolic compounds and current applications in pharmaceutical formulations to produce antibiotic drugs. Besides, it highpoints bioprospects in scaling production and regulatory system while examining the potential for incorporating algae resources into contemporary medicine in the future to alleviate global health issues, especially infectious diseases, and combat antimicrobial resistance.