In response to the escalating impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment, there has been a desperate need to develop efficacious pollution mitigation strategies. Bioremediation is an advantageous strategy for addressing environmental contamination as it utilizes microorganisms to eliminate, degrade, or mitigate an extensive variety of contaminants. This chapter presents a thorough view of bioremediation methods, with an emphasis on their execution in various environmental matrices, including organic and inorganic materials. Ex situ and in situ bioremediation techniques are selected according to financial implications, site-specific attributes, and the quantity and nature of pollutants that are prevalent. Biostimulation, bioaugmentation, bioventing, biopiles, and bioattenuation are the principal bioremediation techniques, depending on the environmental conditions. Bioremediation offers a viable and balanced approach towards sustainability and generation restoration through upgraded technologies and the requirement of microbial community intelligence. The objective of this chapter is to provide a glance into the theoretical and practical aspects of bioremediation techniques for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers and their critical significance in confronting present-day environmental challenges.