In line with the overall objective of the book, which sought to advances a fresh understanding of, as well as new knowledge and explanations for herder-farmer conflicts in Africa, this chapter provides a general introductory background to the book. It opens with a critical engagement with the extant literature on the subject-matter theoretically, methodologically and empirically to establish extant gaps. It then problematizes the phenomenon of herders-farmers conflicts in Africa, highlighting its changing geography, trends, intensity and consequences. The chapter also highlights the uniqueness of this book, notably its due attention to the roles of non-state, informal actors in these conflicts, as well as the human rights and gender dimensions of the conflicts. Finally, the chapter underlines the main arguments of the book, including the necessity for a deep appreciation of the historical trajectories of herder-farmers conflicts as a useful key to unlock the changing contexts, new dynamics, and expanded actors involved in the conflicts. Such an approach holds a lot of prospects in identifying progress and setbacks, opportunities and limitations, as well as critical lessons for sustainable security, peacebuilding and development in Africa.