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Abdominal vascular compressions include but are not limited to left renal vein (LRV) entrapment or nutcracker syndrome (NCS), left iliac vein (LIV) compression or May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), and pelvic compression syndrome (PCS). Each one of these compression syndromes can lead to chronic pain due to the venous outflow obstruction that occurs from the vein being compressed by neighboring structures. While symptomatic compressions are mostly seen in thin females of reproductive age, abdominal venous compressions are also an anatomical variation when compensated by collateral blood vessels and may present without associated symptoms. Understanding the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic algorithm, and various treatment options is essential to early identification and treatment.

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Vascular Compressions and Syndromes Associated with Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: May-Thurner, Nutcracker, and Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Natalie Chao,
  • Eleanor Dunlap,
  • Joshua Plant,
  • Khanjan H. Nagarsheth

摘要

Abdominal vascular compressions include but are not limited to left renal vein (LRV) entrapment or nutcracker syndrome (NCS), left iliac vein (LIV) compression or May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), and pelvic compression syndrome (PCS). Each one of these compression syndromes can lead to chronic pain due to the venous outflow obstruction that occurs from the vein being compressed by neighboring structures. While symptomatic compressions are mostly seen in thin females of reproductive age, abdominal venous compressions are also an anatomical variation when compensated by collateral blood vessels and may present without associated symptoms. Understanding the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic algorithm, and various treatment options is essential to early identification and treatment.