Because waste tires are a severe environmental concern, various research has been conducted on using crushed recycled rubber to partially replace the mineral aggregate portion in the manufacturing of rubberized concrete. The utilization of waste tire rubber as a partial replacement for natural aggregates in concrete applications is one application that is currently being actively investigated. Rubber in concrete has many benefits, including increased toughness and acoustic, thermal, and electrical insulation. Unfortunately, including a high rubber percentage in concrete significantly reduces the final composite’s mechanical resistance. To address this issue, researchers have investigated various rubber treatment methods that enhance bond performance and considerably improve rubber concrete’s mechanical characteristics. The influence of rubber particle size and percentage substitution on the main mechanical properties of rubber concrete has been studied over the last 30 years and is discussed in this mini-review paper.