A flash flood represents the most prevalent natural disaster that endangers the lives of people, as well as the stability of the economy and infrastructure. To effectively address this threat, watershed planning and management become crucial tasks, especially in identifying areas prone to flash floods and reducing their impact, particularly in regions like the Fujairah Emirate. These sudden floods can result in severe consequences for both individuals and infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of proactive planning. The utilization of geographic information systems (GIS) and a weighted overlay technique serves as a robust approach to predicting flash flood-prone zones (FFVZ). This approach integrates various factors, such as rainfall, elevation, slope, land use/land cover, drainage density, geology, geomorphology, and soil characteristics, derived from satellite data. This comprehensive framework helps in comprehending the complexities of flash flood susceptibility. Additionally, a classification system categorizes vulnerability levels, offering a clear understanding of the varying degrees of risk within the studied area. This classification can be a valuable tool for prioritizing mitigation efforts and allocating resources to the most vulnerable areas. Identifying critical sites with high vulnerability ratings is essential for effective emergency planning and response strategies. Furthermore, historical data from Landsat and Sentinel 2 imagery, which track changes in vegetation and urban development over time, shed light on the evolving environment and its potential link to flash flood susceptibility. The 2D Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model was utilized to simulate flash flood events under varying return periods. The simulation results were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing flood mitigation strategies under climate change and the potential for their augmentation.