Estimating recharge holds significant importance in water resources planning and management, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, influencing both sedimentary and carbonate aquifers. Recharge plays a crucial role in determining the sustainable yield of aquifers, particularly within evidence of climate change marked by more frequent flash floods and fluctuations in annual rainfall quantities and patterns. This study examines the concepts surrounding two types of recharge for sedimentary and carbonate aquifers utilized in arid and semi-arid environments. Recharge to aquifers typically occurs through various mechanisms, including vertical recharge from rainfall and seepage from sewage and water supply networks. Additionally, lateral recharge or discharge, whether it's transboundary (regional recharge) or through submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), contributes significantly to the recharge dynamics. The mechanisms governing vertical and lateral recharge to brackish aquifers in arid/semi-arid environments differ from those of freshwater aquifers. This disparity stems from variations in the salt mass balance control when recharging water reaches the aquifer water levels, depending on whether the native aquifer water is fresh or brackish. In addition, the process of water recharge from the unsaturated zone to groundwater levels may exhibit variations between arid and semi-arid environments. This paper shows how the governing equations for recharge to brackish aquifers differ from those of freshwater aquifers in both arid and semi-arid environments. The mechanisms of transboundary recharge and submarine groundwater discharge are based on the development of contour maps depicting groundwater levels of the stressed aquifer under investigation. This study applies these mechanisms to Kuwait's sedimentary and carbonate aquifers, namely the Kuwait Group and Dammam aquifers. By accurately estimating recharge and SGD to/from the utilized aquifers, it is better Equipped to ensure the sustainable management and development of their groundwater resources. The results of applying the above mechanisms show that recharge to brackish aquifers is in the range from 5 to 20% of rainfall and it is up to 25% of rainfall for freshwater aquifers.