Electrocautery (EC) and argon plasma coagulation (APC) are both thermal modalities allowing rapid ablation of endobronchial lesions [9,15,16]. Laser is another thermal airway modality which is discussed in its own separate chapter in this book although important similarities and differences of laser to EC and APC are discussed below. These are all tools employed during therapeutic bronchoscopy for the management of central airway obstruction (CAO) in order to relieve obstruction and improve dyspnea and health related quality of life [8, 12]. This chapter will focus on the technical background of EC and APC, preoperative and perioperative considerations, general EC and APC treatment strategies, and alternative therapies.