The assessment of vocal fold function requires multiple elements, including a detailed patient history that considers occupation and environmental exposures, as well as a focused review of systems related to swallowing, breathing, and voice. The physical examination should include evaluation of the larynx, neck, oral cavity, and cranial nerves, along with a perceptual assessment of the voice and laryngoscopic examination. Voice disorders are unique in that their functional impact varies widely depending on a patient’s personality, lifestyle, occupation, and social context. This chapter reviews common assessment tools, including objective acoustic and aerodynamic testing, perceptual rating scales, laryngoscopy, and mucosal wave analysis via videostroboscopy. Additionally, it covers common causes of hoarseness, such as functional and movement-related voice disorders, COVID-19-related issues, and mucosal wave abnormalities.