Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas constitute about 2–3% of all parathyroid adenomas, and are a diagnostic challenge, as they are responsible for about half of the failures of bilateral neck explorations for patients with biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) (Surgery. 116:999–1004, 1994). The introduction of accurate preoperative localisation techniques especially Sestamibi scanning has increased the diagnostic yield of ectopic parathyroid glands. There has also been a change in how surgery for these ectopic glands is performed. From the era of median sternotomy, thoracotomy and manubrial splits, the practise has now shifted to video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), which has established itself as the standard of care. However with the gradual but persistent inroads of robotic surgery into mainstream thoracic practice, for mediastinal pathologies, attempts have also been made at robotic assisted thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal parathyroid adenomas. We present our experience with da Vinci robotic system (Intuitive Surgical) for mediastinal parathyroid resections. Background: Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas are rare causes of hyperparathyroidism. Surgery offers potential cure, which conventionally involves a sternotomy or more recently video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. We share our experience of the latest technique for resection of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma’s using the da-Vinci robot. Materials & Methods: Five patients of primary hyperparathyroidism, with a mean age group of 50.6 years were diagnosed to have a mediastinal ectopic parathyroid adenoma. All patients were taken up for robotic assisted thoracoscopic resection. Intraoperative intravenous methylene blue was used to highlight the adenoma within the mediastinal tissue. We had a background experience of video assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resection of mediastinal ectopic parathyroid adenoma with good clinical results. Results: Intraoperative Parathormone (PTH) level fall of >50% of preoperative level was considered successful resection of adenoma. One patient required conversion to VATS due to haemorrhage from a feeder vessel. Mean post-operative serum calcium level on POD1 was 9.7 mg/dl and PTH level was 36.3 pg/ml. The mean chest drain dwell time was 1.6 days and the average hospital stay was 2.6 days. Conclusion: Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid glands can be safely resected using a robot due to excellent intraoperative visualisation and ability to dissect precisely. These approaches are associated with minimal surgical morbidity, a short hospital stay and good cosmetic results. Intraoperative use of intravenous methylene blue helps to accurately highlight the ectopic parathyroid tissue.