Rodenticides, often referred to as “rat poisons,” have been used for decades as a means to control the rodent population. Rodents cause billions of dollars of damage each year, directly or indirectly, to agricultural and residential products, equipment, and property. In addition, rodent bites result in thousands of emergency room visits yearly, and rodents can transmit numerous infections to humans and other animals. Worldwide misuse of rodenticides, either accidental or intentional, results in hundreds of deaths and thousands of visits to healthcare providers. Rodenticides can be evaluated by their chemical class, toxicity, or mechanism of action. Rodenticides are often classified into two broad categories, either anticoagulants or non-anticoagulants, and treatment for overexposure depends on the category of the rodenticides. Due to the human toxicity resulting from rodenticide exposure, many have been banned for use in the United States and other countries. Unfortunately, many of the more toxic rodenticides are still in use in other countries and illegally imported or have never been properly disposed of and are found in old barns or sheds and continue to present a risk.