It is essential for future sustainability to promote work that contributes to preserving the environment, but for true sustainability it is essential that these workplaces are also decent and safe for all workers, in line with SDG 8. Occupational health and safety literacy, for both workers and employers, is essential for preventing and reducing accidents at work and occupational illnesses, and educational institutions play a key role in this. The aim of this work is to carry out a bibliographical review of scientific publications in order to assess the current state of safety and health at work literacy, future challenges and areas of intervention. This work has shown that, instead of the official term “safety and health at work”, more and more studies are opting for the term “occupations health and safety”, which represents the growing concern for workers’ metal health. This is consistent with the analysis of the various publications mentioned in this study. Other conclusions of this study are that 36.2 per cent of the publications address the importance of decision-makers/employees at the top of the company hierarchy in promoting healthy and safe workplaces, and that 31.9 per cent of the publications focus on the relationship between safe and healthy workplace practices and communication and training strategies for workers, reinforcing the importance of literacy for decent and safe workplaces.