The use and implementation of biorefineries based on natural sources or wastes is becoming more and more important nowadays, due to the global concern about some environmental issues such as carbon dioxide emissions. In that sense, the nature of these biorefineries is heterogeneous, as they can be provided with plenty of energy or material sources, using endless techniques for their sustainable exploitation. In essence, energy and materials are obtained from natural sources with the lowest environmental impact, if possible. One of the basic parameters to assess the environmental impact of a biorefinery is the atom efficiency. Thus, the higher it is, the lower emissions are released in the environment. One interesting example could be the use of biogas steam reforming to produce hydrogen, a valuable energy vector. Considering the above, the aim of this work was to assess the sustainability of this process through the quantification of atom efficiency, obtaining high values of this parameter in general (exceeding 35,70%). Thus, the combination with alternative techniques such as Fischer-Tropsch could be an interesting way to improve the sustainability of the process, with the subsequent increase in costs.