This chapter presents an overview of supply chain decarbonisation, where topics such as the concept’s meaning, importance, approaches, technologies, and environmental and social consequences are discussed. It seeks to afford a complete picture of how supply chain carbon emissions can be minimised for the general good, with a particular focus on the prospects and drawbacks. To undertake the study, a systematic literature review model that adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to investigate the phenomenon. Accordingly, thirty-seven (37) seminal studies were taken as the sample for this study. The research discovered that the motivation that prompts organisations to move towards the decarbonisation of supply chains is regulatory, market and social. Numerous workable approaches towards emissions reductions include generating renewable energy power, energy-efficient technologies, green mobility and transport, waste management, the circular economy, and carbon footprint management through offsetting. Technological innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and sustainable materials drive decarbonisation efforts. The environmental effects include a substantial cut in the emission of greenhouse gases, improvement of the quality of the atmosphere and water bodies, and ecological conservation. Benefits comprise the better quality of citizens’ lives through an increase in overall health, the generation of new employment opportunities in environmentally friendly industries and the reduction in social disparities. Regarding climate change and sustainable development, the decarbonisation of supply chains holds commendable potential. At the same time, it is filled with economic, technological, policy and organisational barriers and enablers. Governments, organisations, and other stakeholders should craft favourable conditions, integrate cutting-edge solutions, and initiate sustainable development processes. Stakeholders interested in progressing supply chain decarbonisation will find this chapter insightful and packed with actionable advice. This research offers fresh input since it demonstrates the decarbonisation process’s socially and environmentally complex nature, thus enhancing the existing literature.