This chapter proposes a discussion of international governance in the European Union-Cuba-US strategic triangle. It argues that the European Union has a record of underperformance despite its advantageous pivot position in a romantic triangle. This underperformance is the outcome of the 1996 Common European position promoted by Spanish President Jose Maria Aznar and the role of the Helms-Burton law in shaping a record of US secondary and extraterritorial sanctions. The position was structurally unsustainable and eventually replaced by the 2016 Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement. The two main reasons for the change were the economic reform and political liberalization processes in Cuba and the adoption of the Mogherini-Borrell line, which was committed to engagement in the context of institutional reforms of Europe's foreign service pursuing a more autonomous rule. The chapter ends by discussing the impact of the 2016 EU-Cuba agreement on political dialogue and cooperation on the international governance of the strategic triangle.

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European Union’s Relations with Cuba: Reality and Potential of the European Pivot in the Strategic Triangle with the United States

  • Arturo López-Levy

摘要

This chapter proposes a discussion of international governance in the European Union-Cuba-US strategic triangle. It argues that the European Union has a record of underperformance despite its advantageous pivot position in a romantic triangle. This underperformance is the outcome of the 1996 Common European position promoted by Spanish President Jose Maria Aznar and the role of the Helms-Burton law in shaping a record of US secondary and extraterritorial sanctions. The position was structurally unsustainable and eventually replaced by the 2016 Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement. The two main reasons for the change were the economic reform and political liberalization processes in Cuba and the adoption of the Mogherini-Borrell line, which was committed to engagement in the context of institutional reforms of Europe's foreign service pursuing a more autonomous rule. The chapter ends by discussing the impact of the 2016 EU-Cuba agreement on political dialogue and cooperation on the international governance of the strategic triangle.