Environmental pollutants such as HMs (HMs) have been considered as global concern for agricultural land as well as human health due to their ability of bioaccumulation and non-biodegradability. Toxic level accumulation of some major HMs such as chromium, mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium is capable of severely damage to crops and soil quality. The toxicity of HMs can be assessed by various factors such as type of crop, growth conditions, developmental stage of plant, physiochemical properties of soil rhizosphere and bioavailability of HM present in soil to plants. Accumulation of HM ions directly influences the ionic homeostasis of plant cells. Several anthropogenic activities, long-term use of fertilizers, waste disposal and poor irrigation practices leads to heavy metal contamination in the soil. The concentrations of metals and metalloids in the soil are rising at an alarming rate, which has negative impact on soil microbiology, food safety, and plant growth. Plant metabolism is primarily responsible for the biological and geological rearrangement of HMs. The current chapter focuses on the hazardous effect of various HMs and pesticides on agricultural environment. Additionally, the physiochemical characteristics of HM polluted agricultural soil and physiological features of plants involved in remediation of pollutants have been discussed. Interestingly, the chapter also highlights the importance of various crops which can be cultivated for the rehabilitation of degraded land. Various relevant studies related to HM contamination and technologies for their remediation have been discussed in detail. In summary, the chapter provides comprehensive insights into the understanding of HM toxicity on agricultural land and its remediation.