India is known worldwide for its agricultural wealth. Annually, several million tons of agricultural products are exported worldwide from India. Indian agriculture is adversely affected by pests that cause major crop losses. Nearly 400 kinds of chemical pesticides are registered in India for agricultural pest control and allied applications. Though chemical pesticides are effective for pest control and thus maximizing crop production, these pesticides also cause toxicity of varied degrees to environment and associated biotic forms. Pesticide residues enter biotic life through many routes and subsequently accumulate in several edible products. The manuscript presents a critical overview of pesticides, different types of pesticides, environmental fate of pesticides and negative effect of pesticides on biotic systems. The later half of the publication identifies the significance of shifting towards alternatives to chemical pesticides which is a much needed initiative so as to keep up with agriculture productivity demand while ensuring no further losses to other biotic forms of life. Biopesticides are environmental friendly and safe biotechnological solutions that can control the pests without causing any negative effects on crops making a significant contribution to sustain agriculture. The manuscript details biopesticides, their types and importance of biopesticides in agriculture. The manuscript also focuses on technologies associated with making of biopesticides, current trends and market availability of biopesticides.