Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD)Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD)Parkinson’s disease (PD), and dementia, are chronic conditions characterized by progressive neuronal loss and significant impairments in brainBrain function. These diseases often involve structural and functional changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB)Blood-brain barrier (BBB), which complicates effective drug delivery. Recent research has focused on overcoming these challenges through innovative drug delivery systems, particularly lipid-based nanocarriers. Lipid-based nanoparticles, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), have shown promise in enhancing drug bioavailability and targeting specific brain regions. SLNs and NLCs can improve drug stability, control release profiles, and increase penetration through the BBBBlood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite their potential, these carriers have not yet received market approval, and further technological advancements are necessary to make them viable for widespread clinical use. In this context, recent studies have explored various lipid-based nanocarriers for their ability to deliver therapeuticTherapeutics agents across the BBBBlood-brain barrier (BBB). For example, the use of Gelucire® 50/13 as a lipidLipids matrix for SLNs has demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency for hydrophilic substances, offering a solvent-free alternative to traditional double-emulsification methods. This approach shows promise for PD treatment by restoring neuronal function and reducing oxidative stress. Similarly, novel strategies for treating cerebral malaria have emerged, utilizing NLCs combined with microRNA and artemether. This method enhances drug bioavailability and brain targeting, demonstrating significant efficacy in reducing parasitemia and maintaining BBBBlood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in experimental models. In AD research, the use of Lepidium sativum seed extract-loaded SLNs has been investigated to enhance bioavailability and protect neuronal cells from oxidative stress. These SLNs have shown promise in increasing cell proliferation and reducing damage caused by oxidative agents. For PD, the co-administration of dopamine and grape seed extract using SLNs has been studied for its cytoprotective effects against neurotoxin-induced damage. The findings suggest that SLNs can effectively protect neuronal cells and modulate harmful protein levels, offering a potential approach for improved drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy.