The common CyclamenCyclamen (Cyclamen persicumCyclamen persicum Mill.) is a perennial plant, cultivated mainly in the Mediterranean region. It is considered an important plant due to its ornamental, seed harvesting and medicinal purposes. CyclamenCyclamen’s appreciation as a decorative potPots plant originates back to the nineteenth century with the advancement of hybridizationHybridization and cultivationCultivation techniques. By removing the summer dormancy phase, the cultivationCultivation period was shortened from roughly four years to a year and a half. For more than 150 years, cyclamenCyclamen breedingBreeding generated a wide range of colorsColor based on the pink and white-colored wild C. persicum, with an initial emphasis on plants with outsized blooms. As a traditional medicineMedicine several parts of CyclamenCyclamen have been used in different skin disorders, as well as to alleviate the negative effects of arthritis. Recent studies emphasize the significant variation in chemical composition and bioactivities, with the highest antioxidantAntioxidant, antifungal, and anticancer activities reported in the flowersFlower and roots of CyclamenCyclamen speciesSpecies. Although CyclamenCyclamen is well adapted to the Mediterranean climateClimate, a temperatureTemperature rise, combined with water scarcity and other abiotic stressesAbiotic stress might have an impact on the crop’s quality and quantity, as both temperatureTemperature and water accessibility are associated with these characteristics. To produce novel varietiesVarieties with broad resistanceResistance to different abiotic challenges, new procedures and approaches for conducting breedingBreeding should be implemented as soon as possible. The breedingBreeding strategies in CyclamenCyclamen include increased blooming frequency and uniformity, leafLeaf count and structure, shelf life, heat and cold toleranceTolerance, pestPest and disease resistanceDisease resistance, fertilizer utilization, germinationGermination, and dormancy. These genotypes may be further used in amelioration programs and/or deposited in germplasmGermplasm banks.