Food production worldwide encounters numerous challenges, such as climate change, water scarcity, land degradation, and desertification. These difficulties necessitate investigating unconventional sources of human sustenance. Edible mushrooms are considered a significant upcoming nutritious dietary option. Over 14,000 species of mushrooms have been recorded. They are a rich source of proteins, nutritional fiber, vitamins, minerals, and many bioactive chemicals, including alkaloids, lactones, polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds, sesquiterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Various biologically active substances can be derived from edible mushrooms and added to supplements that promote health. Extracts from edible mushrooms have been proposed as potential treatments for several human diseases due to their biological effects, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic features. Several studies investigated the pesticidal potential of many edible mushroom metabolites as biopesticidal agents (insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicidal, and nematicidal activities). Several researches focused on the potentiality of mushroom biopesticides in the integrated pest management of several pests (household, disease transmetors, and agricultural pests, for instance, Aedes aegypti, Aedes nuneztovari, Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Drosophila melanogaster, Sitophilus zeamais, Meloidogyne arenaria, and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). In order to achieve the goals of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this chapter sheds light on the identification of some bioactive metabolites of different edible mushroom species (terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, fatty acids, and tannins), the biopesticidal activity of such substances, and the mechanisms of action of some active ingredients. In addition, biopesticides from edible mushrooms are incorporated into pest management techniques. The challenges in using biopesticidal compounds from several mushroom species and the future perspectives in this research are also covered.