The intersection of nutrition and health has received significant attention in recent years, with a particular emphasis on investigating the potential of edible mushrooms in preventing cancer. This chapter aims to provide a general scientific understanding regarding the connection between the consumption of edible mushrooms and their impact on cancer prevention. Researchers are investigating the potential anticancer effects of the complex bioactive compounds found in these mushrooms. These compounds include polysaccharides, beta-glucans, and a variety of secondary metabolites. In addition, the abstract delves into recent epidemiological studies and clinical trials that shed light on the potentially beneficial role that edible mushrooms play in reducing the risk of developing cancer. This chapter sheds light on the potential mechanisms by which these fungi exert their preventive effects. These mechanisms include immune modulation, anti-inflammatory properties, and antioxidant activities. Through the use of edible mushrooms as a dietary strategy for cancer prevention, the purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive look into the emerging field of edible mushrooms. This highlights the importance of conducting additional research to unlock their therapeutic potential fully.