Transthoracic Windows and Views
摘要
This chapter describes the echocardiography views that serve as the foundation for cardiac ultrasound imaging. Mastery of the acquisition and interpretation of these fundamental images can provide enormous insight into the cardiovascular function and health of the patient. The images detailed in this chapter are essential, whether performing a comprehensive exam to assess highly nuanced sonographic findings or a cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to answer a direct clinical question. There are several scanning conventions for cardiac imaging. In this chapter, we will describe image acquisition using the cardiology convention of having the screen indicator to the right. While some images in this chapter may reflect a different convention with the screen indicator to the left, the description of how to obtain the image will assume the indicator is to the right. Like any other procedure, the quality of how the exam is set up directly impacts the likelihood of success. The best sonographers get great images not only because of technique but also because of excellent ergonomics. Attempting to perform a poorly setup study often takes more time with far worse images than a well setup study. It is important to take the time to raise the bed to meet your height, dim the lights, relocate monitor leads outside of your scanning field, remove restrictive clothing, use drapes or towels to cover your patient, and use pillows and props to best position your patient. Call out—To build muscle memory and gain efficiency, attempt to perform the echocardiography exam in sequence the same way every time.