Moderate-to-severe valvular heart disease is prevalent in patients (especially the elderly population) who are evaluated for cardiovascular disease at hospital admission (up to 24% of admissions) (Domenech et al., J Heart Valve Dis 25(1):1–7, 2016). Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the third most common valvular heart disease after mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis (Hollenberg, FP Essent 457:11–6, 2017). Echocardiography assessment of AR is essential in the characterization of its severity, chronicity, and associated cardiac or aortic pathology. In addition, pulmonic regurgitation (PR) is becoming more prevalent given the increased survival of a patient who underwent cardiothoracic surgery for congenital heart disease such as Tetralogy of Fallot (Shillcutt et al., J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 31(1):215–28, 2017). Furthermore, a higher patient population with advanced lung disease and pulmonary hypertension receives care in the ICUs. The most important two-dimensional, color flow (CF), pulse wave (PW), and continuous wave (CW) Doppler are described to ensure multiparametric and comprehensive assessment of patients with suspected AR and PR.

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Aortic and Pulmonic Regurgitation

  • Jacqueline Sohn,
  • Jose L. Diaz-Gomez

摘要

Moderate-to-severe valvular heart disease is prevalent in patients (especially the elderly population) who are evaluated for cardiovascular disease at hospital admission (up to 24% of admissions) (Domenech et al., J Heart Valve Dis 25(1):1–7, 2016). Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the third most common valvular heart disease after mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis (Hollenberg, FP Essent 457:11–6, 2017). Echocardiography assessment of AR is essential in the characterization of its severity, chronicity, and associated cardiac or aortic pathology. In addition, pulmonic regurgitation (PR) is becoming more prevalent given the increased survival of a patient who underwent cardiothoracic surgery for congenital heart disease such as Tetralogy of Fallot (Shillcutt et al., J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 31(1):215–28, 2017). Furthermore, a higher patient population with advanced lung disease and pulmonary hypertension receives care in the ICUs. The most important two-dimensional, color flow (CF), pulse wave (PW), and continuous wave (CW) Doppler are described to ensure multiparametric and comprehensive assessment of patients with suspected AR and PR.