The term cardiomyopathy refers to intrinsic disease of the myocardium in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular or congenital disease. Cardiomyopathy covers a wide variety of pathologic myocardial entities with distinctly different physiology. Patients with various cardiomyopathies often present to the intensive care unit as a consequence of their myocardial pathology or with other critical illnesses whose management is profoundly impacted by the presence of their underlying myocardial abnormality. Echocardiography is an invaluable tool in the assessment of patients with various cardiomyopathies. It is noninvasive, allows anatomical assessment of the heart, assessment of the acute physiologic abnormality as a result of the myocardial process, and assessment of the physiologic response to interventions at the point of care. This chapter will cover the most commonly encountered cardiomyopathies by the intensivist and elaborate on their unique echocardiographic findings.